Izimpawu Zenqubomgomo Zicacile: Ukuxhumeka Okuqondile Kwamandla Aluhlaza Kungena 'Ku-Mainstream'

NgoMeyi 2025, iKhomishini Yentuthuko Nokuguqulwa Kazwelonke kanye ne-National Energy Administration bakhiphe ngokubambisana 'Isaziso Ngezindaba Eziphathelene Nokukhuthazwa Okuhlelekile Kokuthuthukiswa Kokuxhumeka Okuqondile Kwamandla Aluhlaza'. Ukubaluleka kwale dokhumenti kuqondile kodwa kubalulekile - ukuxhumana okuqondile kwamandla aluhlaza akuseyona indlela yokuhlola kodwa sekufakwe ngokusemthethweni ekwakhiweni kohlelo lwamandla lukazwelonke.

Ngamanye amazwi, lokhu akuyona into entsha 'eqanjwe', kodwa yisidingo esidala esiye saqashelwa, salawulwa, futhi savunyelwa ukuthuthukiswa okukhulisiwe yinqubomgomo.

Kusukela 'Kuthengiso Lwamandla Oludlula Odongeni' Kuya 'Kuxhumano Lwegridi Eqondile': Akuyona Intuthuko, Kodwa Ushintsho Ethrekhini

Ngaphambi kwalokhu, umkhuba owaziwa ngokuthi 'ukuthengiswa kwamandla angaphezu kodonga' wawusuthole ukuthandwa ezindaweni zezimboni.

Izindawo zokukhiqiza nezokusebenzisa ezitholakala ngaphakathi kwepaki efanayo noma iziza eziseduze zingaxhuma ngqo ngekhebula elilodwa, zidlule igridi yomphakathi. Le ndlela, ethandwa ngenxa yobulula bayo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko, yamukelwa kabanzi ezindaweni ezinezindawo ezifakwe i-photovoltaic ezisabalele kakhulu.

Kodwa-ke, ukushiyeka kwayo kwakusobala ngokufanayo:

Imingcele engacacile yobunikazi bukagesi

Imithwalo yemfanelo engacacile yezimali zokufinyelela igridi kanye nokuthunyelwa

Abaqhubi begridi bathwala izingozi ngaphandle kwethonya elilinganayo

Ukungaqiniseki okuqhubekayo kwemithetho

Ngenxa yalokho, ukuthengiswa kukagesi odongeni kuya odongeni kusebenze njengelungiselelo lokuyeka elivunyelwe buthule.

Ukuxhumeka okuqondile kukagesi oluhlaza kuqinisekisa ukuthi lesi sidingo sisungulwa.

Imibhalo yenqubomgomo isungula 'imithetho enzima' eminingana:

Imingcele ecacile: Amaphrojekthi okuxhumana okuqondile kumele abe nezixhumi ezihlukaniswe ngokomzimba negridi yomphakathi

Ukubamba iqhaza emakethe: Amaphrojekthi angabamba iqhaza lilonke ezimakethe zikagesi, ngezilinganiso zokungenisa ezilawulwayo (≤20%)

Abahlanganyeli abahlukahlukene: Isizukulwane asisakhawulelwe emabhizinisini kahulumeni, kuyilapho abathengi bethola ukulawula okukhulu

Izindlela zokulinganisela: Ivumela ukusetshenziswa kwesitoreji samandla kanye nokuphathwa kwemithwalo ukuze kuzinziswe ukuguquguquka

Empeleni: Umbuso unikeze ukuxhumeka okuqondile kwamandla aluhlaza ukuma okusemthethweni ngenkathi uchaza imingcele ecacile.

Kuchazwe ngokucacile: Iyiphi inkinga exazululwa ngempela uxhumano lwamandla aluhlaza oluqondile?

Cabanga ngalesi simo sangempela:

Uyinkampani yamandla avuselelekayo noma izinto zokwakha ethumela eYurophu. Inkontileka yekhasimende lakho idinga ngokusobala ukuthi ikhiqize ukuze kusetshenziswe ugesi oluhlaza oqinisekisiwe.

Kodwa nansi inkinga:

Uma uthenga ugesi kugridi, ingabe ugesi uphehlwa ngomoya, yilanga, noma uphehlwa ngamalahle? Akekho ongasho ngokuqinisekile.

Ukubaluleka kokuxhumeka kwamandla aluhlaza ngqo kulele 'ekuqinisekisweni'.

Ngemigqa enikezelwe, ugesi ovela eziteshini zamandla avuselelekayo udluliselwa endaweni eyodwa uye ebhizinisini labathengi ngaphandle kokungena kugridi yomphakathi, okwenza kube lula ukulandelela.

Ibhizinisi lingabonisa ngokungenakuphikiswa kumakhasimende, kubalawuli, nasezinhlanganweni zezitifiketi:

Ugesi osetshenziswa yile fektri uvela epulazini lomoya elithile noma esisekelweni se-photovoltaic.

Lokhu akukhona nje 'ukusetshenziswa kukagesi oluhlaza' kodwa ukusetshenziswa kukagesi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Umehluko oyinhloko: Ukuthengisa okuhlanganisiwe kuncintisana ngentengo; ukuxhumana okuqondile okuluhlaza kuncintisana ngobunikazi

Ukuqhathanisa lezi zindlela ezimbili kwembula izinhloso ezihlukene ngokuphelele:

Ukuthengisa okuvaliwe: Ukugxila okuyinhloko amanani kagesi aphansi

Ukuxhumana okuqondile okuluhlaza: Ukugxila okuyinhloko 'yiziqinisekiso eziluhlaza eziqashelwa emhlabeni jikelele'

Ezimakethe zasekhaya, lo mehluko ungase ube yinto eqabulayo nje;

Ezentengiselwano zamazwe ngamazwe, kuvame ukunquma ukuthi intela enkulu yekhabhoni iyasebenza yini.

Kwezimboni ezifana ne-photovoltaics, amabhethri kagesi, izinto ezintsha, namakhemikhali,

lokhu kudlula ukulungiswa kwezindleko—kunquma ukuthi 'bangangena yini ezimakethe zaphesheya'.

Inani eliphindwe kabili livuliwe: hhayi nje ukunciphisa izindleko, kodwa nokuthuthukisa inani

Kubathengi bakagesi: 'ikhadi lokuzazisa eliluhlaza'

Njengoba i-CBAM (i-EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism) kanye noMthetho omusha webhethri uqala ukusebenza kancane kancane,

amabhizinisi angakwazi ukubonisa ukusetshenziswa kukagesi oluhlaza azobhekwa njengabakhiqizi abanekhabhoni ephezulu ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Ukuxhumeka okuqondile kukagesi oluhlaza kanye nezivumelwano zokuthenga ugesi zesikhathi eside (ama-PPA) kuletha okungaphezu kwalokhu:

Ubufakazi obuqinisekisiwe bokusetshenziswa kukagesi oluhlaza

Izindleko zikagesi ezizinzile nezibikezelwayo

Zinikeza amandla okuthobela imithetho kanye nokufinyelela emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe.

Kubatshalizimali bamandla avuselelekayo: Ukuqinisekisa isidingo seprimiyamu sesikhathi eside nesizinzile

Ubuhlungu obukhona kumaphrojekthi avuselelekayo endabuko yilokhu:

'Ugesi uyakhiqizwa, kodwa ubani ozowuthenga futhi ngentengo engakanani akukacaci.'

Ngaphansi kokuxhumeka okuqondile, umthengi kagesi uqobo uba ngumthengi wesikhathi eside,

ngamanani avame ukwedlula amanani ajwayelekile okufakwa kwegridi, njengoba amabhizinisi ezimisele ukukhokha iprimiyamu 'yesiqinisekiso esiluhlaza'.

Lokhu kushintsha ukugxila kwamaphrojekthi avuselelekayo kusukela 'ekwamukelweni kokugembula ngegridi' kuya 'ekuqinisekiseni amakhasimende'.

Kuhlelo lonke: Ukuvela okuhlangene kwesitoreji sesizukulwane-igridi-umthwalo-wesitoreji

Ukuxhumeka okuqondile kwamandla aluhlaza 'akudluli igridi', kodwa kunalokho kunciphisa ukucindezeleka kokuguquguquka kwegridi:

Izinto ezivuselelekayo ezisetshenziswa endaweni

Isitoreji samandla senza umkhiqizo ube bushelelezi

Uhlangothi lomsebenzisi luthola ugesi ozinzile

Uhlangothi lwegridi lunciphisa umthwalo wokushefa ophezulu

Kumelela umkhuba:

Uhlelo lwamandla lushintsha lusuka 'ekugxileni esizukulwaneni' luye 'ekugxileni kumsebenzisi'.

Kungani 'kunenzuzo'? Imithombo emithathu yemali engenayo iyahlangana

Ukuxhumeka okuqondile kwamandla aluhlaza akuyona imali yesibonelelo senqubomgomo kodwa kuyimodeli yebhizinisi ecacile:

1. Ukuthuthukisa izindleko zikagesi

Ngemigqa ezinikele kanye nezivumelwano zesikhathi eside, kunciphisa izindleko ezengeziwe futhi kwenza amanani kagesi alawuleke kalula.

2. I-Carbon Premium

Ugesi oluhlaza unciphisa ngqo intela yekhabhoni futhi uthuthukise izilinganiso ze-ESG, okunikeza inani elibalulekile lokuxhasa ngezimali kanye nokuthengwa kwamakhasimende.

3. Izinzuzo Zokugcina Amandla Ezinezinhlangothi Eziningi

Izinhlelo zokugcina izinto zingabamba iqhaza ngasikhathi sinye ku:

- I-arbitrage esezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu

- Isinxephezelo somthamo

– Izimakethe zezinsizakalo ezihambisanayo

Kuphela lapho lezi zinto ezintathu zihlangana khona lapho 'uxhumano oluqondile lwamandla aluhlaza + isitoreji samandla' lwakha uhlelo oluhlala isikhathi eside oluhlala isikhathi eside.

Izinselele zangempela ziyaqhubeka, kodwa indlela ayilungiseki

Kumelwe kuvunywe ukuthi ukuxhumana okuqondile kwamandla aluhlaza kusabhekene nezingqinamba ezisebenzayo:

Izinqubomgomo zemali yokudlulisela yesifunda aziguquguquki

Ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala kokugcinwa kwamandla kusalokhu kuphezulu kakhulu

Izinhlelo zesitifiketi esiluhlaza phakathi kweShayina ne-EU azikwazi ukuqashelwa ngokugcwele

Izinqubo zokwakha kanye nokugunyazwa komugqa ozinikele ziyinkimbinkimbi

Nokho, lezi yizindaba 'zokuthi singaqhubeka kanjani ngokushesha okukhulu,' hhayi 'ukuthi kufanele siqhubeke yini.'

Ukuqala Kwamaphayona Kwendawo: Imodeli Yokuxhumana Okuqondile yeJiangsu

Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa kwenqubomgomo kazwelonke, iJiangsu yaqala amaphrojekthi okuhlola:

Ukuxhumanisa iziteshi zamandla avuselelekayo emabhizinisini okukhiqiza ngemigqa enikezelwe ku-110kV

Ukulungiselela cishe umthamo wokugcina amandla ongu-10–20%

Kudinga izilinganiso zokusebenzisa wena ezingaphansi kuka-60%

Imiphumela icacile:

Nakuba amanani kagesi ancishisiwe ebonakala, inani langempela lisemabhizinisini athola imibiko yokusetshenziswa kukagesi oluhlaza ukuze aqinisekiswe ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.

Amaphrojekthi anjalo avela njengezinhlelo eziyisibonelo 'zogesi oluhlaza wezimboni ohamba emhlabeni wonke'.

Inani LaseShayina Lokuxhumeka Kukagesi Oluhlaza Okuqondile

Esikhathini esifushane:

Imelela umfutho omusha wokukhula kokutshalwa kwezimali kwamandla avuselelekayo kanye nezicelo zokugcina amandla, kanti utshalomali oluhlobene kulindeleke ukuthi lufinyelele amakhulu ezigidigidi zama-yuan ngasekupheleni kuka-2025.

Esikhathini eside:

Kungaba yingqalasizinda ebalulekile emkhakheni wokukhiqiza waseShayina ukuze uhambisane nemithethonqubo yomhlaba wonke yekhabhoni futhi ushintshe ukuncintisana.

Intuthuko yesikhathi esizayo ingase ihlanganise:

Izimali zokufinyelela igridi ezicacile kanye nemithethonqubo yemakethe yokugcina amandla

Uhlelo lwesevisi oluhlanganisa 'ugesi oluhlaza + isitoreji samandla + ukuphathwa kwedijithali'

Ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezezimali kugxile ekuxhunyweni ngqo kukagesi oluhlaza (isib. ama-REIT, ukuqinisekiswa kwempahla yekhabhoni)

Isiphetho: Kusukela ku-Logic Yokonga Izindleko kuya ku-Logic Yokwanda Komhlaba Wonke

Ukuthengiswa kukagesi endaweni kumelela izinhlelo zokuhlola ezingeni lepaki yezimboni;

Ukuxhumeka okuqondile kukagesi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kusho ukuhlelwa kabusha kwamandla ezingeni likazwelonke.

Amakheli angaphambili abhekana nezinkinga zezindleko,

kuyilapho lokhu kwamuva kuxazulula izinkinga zobunikazi kanye namalungelo okufinyelela.

Njengoba umncintiswano wokukhiqiza womhlaba wonke ushintsha usuka 'entengo kanye nokusebenza kahle' uye 'ekunyathelweni kwekhabhoni kanye nokwethembeka',

Ukuxhumana okuqondile kwamandla aluhlaza kuvela njengepasipoti eluhlaza yamabhizinisi aseShayina ukuze aqonde ikusasa.